Mirando al Cuidador: Personas Significativas de Quienes Sufren de Trastorno de Estrés Post-Traumático

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33670/18181023.v18i01.298

Palabras clave:

persona significativa, Trastorno de Estrés Post Traumático, trauma secundario, víctimas secundarias

Resumen

Según Helzer et al. (1987) y Pérez-Olmos et al. (2005), el trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT) tiene una prevalencia en el mundo del 1% al 4%. Es un trastorno que surge después de un acontecimiento traumático significativo. Tras la vivencia de un evento traumático, el cuidado de las víctimas con TEPT es imperativo. Por lo que los cuidadores directos o personas significativas al ser testigos o conocer del evento traumático tras convivir con la persona diagnosticada con TEPT, corren el riesgo de sufrir Trastorno de Estrés Traumático Secundario (TETS) (Figley, 1995). Por tanto, ¿quiénes son las personas significativas de las víctimas primarias que corren el riesgo de sufrir TETS? ¿qué signos, síntomas y trastornos mentales manifiestan tras la vivencia indirecta del evento y cuidado directo de la víctima primaria? Este estudio implicó una revisión narrativa de 321 estudios publicados entre el 2000 y 2017 en bases de datos académicas tales como EBSCO, LILACS, Pubmed, PsycINFO y SciELO. Se encontró que el 75% de las investigaciones identificaron a la pareja como persona significativa. Asimismo, los signos y síntomas de las personas significativas eran la tensión, angustia y problemas de pareja. Además, problemas en las relaciones sociales como la evitación al apego y las suposiciones negativas del mundo. Concluí la necesidad e importancia de realizar investigaciones sobre la persona significativa, así como su cuidado físico y mental. Esto permitirá combinar el conocimiento teórico con el trabajo de campo consiguiendo un adecuado esquema de prevención, tratamiento y control enfocado en la víctima secundaria.

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Biografía del autor/a

Maria Auxiliadora Ortuño Soria, Facultad de Psicología y Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad de Porto

Programa Doctoral de la Facultad de Psicología y Ciencias de la Educación

Citas

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Publicado

2020-12-31

Cómo citar

Ortuño Soria, M. A., & Duarte Neves, C. M. (2020). Mirando al Cuidador: Personas Significativas de Quienes Sufren de Trastorno de Estrés Post-Traumático. Revista Internacional De Psicología, 18(01), 1–44. https://doi.org/10.33670/18181023.v18i01.298

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Investigaciones